Do defenders have to select the least intrusive force?

• A. Yes
• B. No
• C. Only in some cases
• D. Never

Answer: (B)

In defense, the guiding principle is necessity and proportionality of force. The aim is to stop the threat and protect lives, using the minimum force needed to do so. However, defenders are not required to always pick the least intrusive option. If the threat cannot be stopped by non- or less-intrusive means, or if delaying action would put others at greater risk, more intrusive force may be warranted and legally permissible. The key is to escalate only as necessary to neutralize the threat, while considering available options, safety of civilians, and applicable rules of engagement. So the correct understanding is that defenders do not have to select the least intrusive force in every situation; they must use force that is necessary and proportionate to the threat presented.