Which of the following is NOT a Level II threat capability?

• A. Coordinated hit-and-run
• B. IED/VBIED
• C. Ambushes
• D. Air-to-air missiles

Answer: (D)

Level II threat capabilities are irregular, ground-based methods used to disrupt operations and harass personnel, relying on surprise, mobility, and concealment rather than sustained high-end weaponry. Coordinated hit-and-run fits this profile because it involves multiple attackers using quick, disruptive strikes and then withdrawing before a strong response can be organized. IEDs and VBIEDs are classic ground-based, asymmetric threats designed to injure or deter movement and operations in civilian or mixed environments. Ambushes are planned, sudden engagements intended to disrupt tempo and degrade a unit’s effectiveness through surprise.

Air-to-air missiles do not fit this ground-focused, irregular threat pattern. They require aircraft, aircrews, and an integrated air-power capability, representing a higher-end threat associated with conventional air operations. For that reason, air-to-air missiles are not Level II threat capabilities.